Telangana History Land Tenures and Revenue System of Asafjahis
Asaf Jahi dynasty Rule Revenue Land Tenure System
1) In Hyderabad state agriculture remained essentially, out of the total population, 68% depended on agricultural occupations for their living.2) Lands under the direct administration of the Diwan or Prime minister of the Nizam's Government were called "Diwan Lands".3) Diwan lands were also known as "Khalsa lands"4) Lands under property of H.H. the Nizam, were called as Sarf-I-Khas lands.5) Lands were subject of state grants, and the revenue their assigned wholly as 'Jagir' or 'Inam' 6) The land tenures were listed below:
Diwani or Khalsa Lands
Other Khalsa Lands
Non-Khalsa Lands
Ryotwari Tenure Cultivating Tenuresa) Pattedari b) Pot-Pattedaric) Shikmidarid) Asami Shikmidari
a) Pan-Maqtab) Tahud or Sarbastac) Ijarad) Agrahar
a) Sarf-i-Khasb) Samsthan or Peshkashc) Jagir i) Paigah ii) Al-Tamgha Jagirs iii) Zat Jagirs iv) Tankha Jagirs v) Mashrooti Jagirs vi) Madad Mash Jagirsd) Inam
7) Ryotwari systema) Pattedari - when the occupant cultivates personally or by hired labour.b) Pot- Pattedari - two or more cultivators amalgamate on the joint-stock principle.c) Shikmidari - occupant makes over the land to cultivators on certain terms. Such cultivators are known as 'Shikmidars' d) Asami- Shikmidars are tenants at will.8) In Pattedari tenure, the owner or pattedar was himself the cultivator of the land, no interference was made with his land rights as long as assessment that was determined and fixed from time to time was paid9) In pot-Pattedari - two or more cultivators worked together jointly and the rights of all partners remained equal. The Pattedar could neither expel the pot-pattedar nor enhance the assessment payable by him.10) Shikmidars and Asami-were as protected tenants and tenants at will respectively.11) In Asami-Shikmi tenure, could become a Shikmidar if he had been a partner in the cultivation, uninterrupted occupation for 12 consecutive years.12) Committee appointment in 1940 to enquire into the tenancy problem and the passing of the Asami-Shikmi Act in 194513) Hyderabad Tenancy and agricultural Lands Act passed on 10th June, 195014) Patel village officer maintined law and order and Patwari. the Pan-Maqta villages were regarded as non-Khalsa.15) Before introduction of modern Ryotwari system,the land revenue of the state contained certain other cessed, such as Abkari(excise), Mohtarfa (tax on professions) 16) Tahud - farming of tax collection was called as Tahud17) Revenues were farmed out to zamindar of the district, transaction was termed Sarbasta or Bil-Maqta.18) The Tahud or Sarbasta tenure resembles to Pan-Maqta. In Pan-Maqta, the amount levied was fixed by the Government once for all and the lease was in perpetuity. Whereas in Tahud or Sarbasta, Kowl was for a specified no of years only, and the amount entered in the Kowlnama was liable for alteration after the period of Kowl had expired.19) In Maqtedar tenure system, Maqtedar can became the owner of the land. But Tahuddar never became owner, remains only a contractor20) Sir Salar Jung I, the prime Minister, abolished Tahud or Sarbasta tenure in 1866A.D.21) Tahud or sarbasta system or tenure, did not affect position of Deshmukhs (hereditary village chiefs) and Deshpandyas (village Accountants who collects land revenue) 22) In Watandari tenure- district level holders were allowed by the Government, and annual pension on hereditary basis, known as Rusum-i-zamindari, with 7.1/2 % on the revenue collections, out of which 5% share of Deshmukhs and 2.1/2 to Deshpandyas. 23) Watandars, at the village level, consists of Patels and Patwaris, besides some others such as Talari, Sethsindhi, Neredu, Dhein or messenger, etc., who assisted in village administration.24) Talari known as Village Peon for tax collection purposes25) Sethsindhi known as village Watchman26) Neredu were who looked after irrigational sources and water supply to the fields27) Dhein known as messenger28) Deshmukhs and Deshpandyas, Watandars were higher level 29) Taluqs of a district is under the control of one Rusumdar or Watandar 30) Gumasthas called as the agents of land holders31) The Ijara tenure introduced in Hyderabad State in 1878 AD.32) The system of leasing of Government lands was in force untill the year 1318 Fasli (1909 AD)33) Agraharik is being independent in revenue administration34) Sarf-i-Khas lands covered an area of 1/10th of Dominions and spread over 18 Taluqs of different Districts35) Saf-I-Khas villages, belongs to the Ruler, But were kept under the administration of Diwani officials.36) Paigah, mean fort stable or cavalry. It was also a kind of Jagir, were originally granted by H.H. the Nawab Nizam Ali Khan (1761-1803)37) Paigah's had full control of revenue and judicial administration. They run their own Departments of education, health, public, works, survey and settlement etc.38) The Mughals making land grants to noblemen was introduced with necessary modifications introduced by Nizam-ul-mulk, the founder and first Nizam of the state.39) Madadmash Jagirs were granted as a gratuity (benefits received by an employee for services rendered to an organisation) either the sole or as a supplement40) Taluqdars were known as District Collectors41) Some of TaxesShadi-Patti (Marriage cess)Ghar-Patti (House tax)Mohtarfa’ (tax on Handlooms)42) Inam is an Arabic word which means favor or reward. Inam were usually granted for the staff associated with religious institutions43) Inam Commission was established in 1865 AD., which worked till 1912 44) The taxes levied from Pan-Maqtas held by local zamindars, The amount of Peshkash annually paid by them is shown belowRaja of Wanaparti - Rs.83,8662,00Raja of Jatpol -Rs.71,944.00Raja of Gopalpet - Rs.22,663.00Raja of Bhadrachalam - Rs. 45,875.00Note: The above data the source was the Nizam Government revenue Administrative report, 1324 Fasli (1914 – 1915 AD)45) Raja Venkat Lakshman Rao Bahadur of Jatpole died in the year of 192946) Salar Jung I establishment of a survey and settlement Department in 1875.47) Mr. O’Connor, Director General of Statistics, in Nizam’s Government 48) Kharif referred to the first or monsoon season in which the sowings are made in the month of June.49) Rabi follows the Kharif season and the sowings are made in September or October50) Tabi referred to second crop of rice, sown in January, February and harvested in April-May.51) Girdavars are said to be Revenue Inspectors.
MOCK TEST MCQ Questions Revenue and Tenures of Asafjahis
1) Diwan of the Asafjahi period was known as ?a) Presidentb) Prime Ministerc) Chief Ministerd) None of the aboveb) Prime Minister2) In Hyderabad at the time of Asafjahis remained as_______ percentage agricultural depended on agricultural based activities of their living?a) 70%b) 60%c) 68%d) 80%c) 68%3) Lands which were under the control of Nizam’s government are called as?a) Diwani Landsb) Private Landsc) Poramboke Landsd) Patta Landsa) Diwani Lands4) Lands which were the property of H.H. the Nizam are generally called as?a) Sarf-I-Khas Landsb) Diwani Landsc) Private Landsd) Pattedar Landsa) Sarf-I-Khas Lands5) Diwani Lands are also known as ___?a) Khalsa Landsb) Sarf-i-khas landsc) Nizam Landsd) None of the abovea) Khalsa Lands6) The cultivation of tenures of Khalsa or Diwani lands were ___?a) Pattedarib) Shikmidaric) Asami Shikmid) All of the aboved) All of the above7) Pan-Maqta was a tenure of ____ Lands?a) Private Landsb) Diwani Landsc) Khjalsa Landsd) Both b and cd) Both b and c8) ________ among the following are Non-Khalsa lands.a) Sarf-i-khas landsb) Jagir Landsc) Both a and bd) None of the abovec) Both a and b9) Registered occupant of the land was basically known as _____?a) Pattedarb) Ryotwarc) Both a and bd) None of the abovea) Pattedar10) ____________ among the following are the protected tenants of the lands?a) Shikmidarsb) Asami Shikmidarsc) Both a and bd) None of the abovec) Both a and b11) Tenants are generally called as ____?a) Kowldarsb) Pattedarsc) Shikmidarsd) Ryotwarsa) Kowldars12) The condition of Kowldars were not better at the time of Asafjahis under _____ tenure system.a) Jagirsb) Maqtasc) Inamsd) All of the aboved) All of the above13) Watndari tenure is a tenure of ____ lands.a) Diwani Landsb) Private Landsc) Both a and bd) None of the abovea) Diwani Lands14) The Village officer who looked after the law and order at the time of Asafjahis was called as __?a) Patelb) Pattedarc) Patwarid) Tahalisdara) Patel15) The Village officer who maintained land record and collected land revenue at the time of Asafjahis was known as ___?a) Patelb) Patwaric) Tahaliosdard) Zamindarb) Patwari16) Mohtarfa was a ___ tax?a) Tax on houseb) Tax on industriesc) Tax on Professionsd) None of the abovec) Tax on Professions17) Watandari Tenure is also known as ___?a) Tahudb) Sarbastac) Both a and bd) None of the abovec) Both a and b18) Sir Salar Jung I, the prime minister, got the Tahud or Sarbasta tenure abolished in _____.a) 1863 ADb) 1864 ADc) 1865 ADd) 1866 ADd) 1866 AD19) The hereditary village chiefs who involved in the administration are called as?a) Deshmukhsb) Deshpandyasc) Sirdeshmukhsd) Sardeshpandyasa) Deshmukhs20) The village accountants who also participated in the collection of land revenue are called as?a) Deshmukhsb) Deshpandyasc) Sirdeshmukhsd) Sardeshpandyasb) Deshpandyas21) _____ among the following are the revenue officers at the time of Asafjahis?a) Patelsb) Patwarisc) Deshmukhsd) All of the aboved) All of the above22) Watandars group consisted of ___ among the following.a) Patelsb) Patwarisc) Both a and bd) None of the abovec) Both a and b23) Village peon for the purpose of tax collection is basically known as ____?a) Watandarb) Zamindarc) Sardeshpandyad) Talarid) Talari24) Claiming of land revenue remission for crop damage, either due to excess or less rainfall or for natural calamities is known as ___.a) Talafmalb) Taccavic) Both a and bd) None of the abovea) Talafmal25) Loans for Ryots were given at the time of droughts and this type of system is known as ___.a) Talafmalb) Taccavic) Both a and bd) None of the aboveb) Taccavi26) The agents are appointed to look after the village related issues by revenue officials and they are called as ___?a) Zamindarsb) Patelsc) Gumasthasd) None of the abovec) Gumasthas27) The Ijara tenure was primarily concerned with the _____?a) Land developmentb) Land Ownershipc) Agricultural Businessd) All of the abovea) Land development28) The Ijara tenure system was introduce in the Hyderabad State in the year of?a) 1870 ADb) 1878 ADc) 1799 ADd) 1880 ADb) 1878 AD29) Gairan land was a _____?a) Pasture land for grazingb) Cultivable landc) Both a and bd) None of the abovea) Pasture land for grazing30) Raja Venkat Lakshman Rao Bahadur of Jatpole died in the year of?a) 1929 ADb) 1930 ADc) 1945 ADd) 1938 ADa) 1929 AD31) The annual tribute was paid to the Imperial Government for not interfering their territories, this system is called as?a) Peshkashb) Illaric) Both a and bd) None of the abovea) Peshkash32) Government grazing lands are generally called as ___?a) Peshkashb) Bancheraic) Both a and bd) None of the aboveb) Bancherai33) The Raja or the Chief who remitted the process of ‘Peshkash’ was called as?a) Peshkash Guzarsb) Patelsc) Zamindarsd) Patwarisa) Peshkash Guzars34) In order to set right the Mal-Administration, a Commission was set up called as ____.a) Inam Commissionb) Commission of Pattedarsc) Both a and bd) None of the abovea) Inam Commission35) Inam Commission was established in the year of ___.a) 1865 ADb) 1875 ADc) 1885 ADd) 1895 ADa) 1865 AD36) Taluqdars are generally known as?a) Ministers of Stateb) Members of Administration of the Villagec) District Collectorsd) None of the abovec) District Collectors37) Paigah is a term which is originated from ___ word.a) Italian Wordb) Persian Wordc) American Wordd) Islamic Wordb) Persian Word38) Military service was not in force at the period of ___?a) British Ruleb) The First World Warc) Asafjahisd) None of the abovec) Asafjahis39) Which people were being independent in Revenue administration at the time of Asafjahis.a) Patelsb) Inamdarsc) Watandarsd) Agrahariksd) Agrahariks40) Taluqs of the district were under the control of _____.a) Watandarb) Zamindarc) Pattedard) Rusumdard) Rusumdar
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